Between 1955 and 1990, improvements and innovations in semiconductor technology increased the performance and decreased the cost of electronic materials and devices by a factor of one …

Dec 31, 2025 · This article reviews the historical development of electronics, highlighting major discoveries and advances. It also describes some key electronic functions and the manner in which …

Dec 31, 2025 · Because computers have been a major application for integrated circuits from their beginning, digital integrated circuits have become commonplace. It has thus become easy to design …

Nov 15, 2025 · Through the Gramophone Company’s ties with RCA-Victor, EMI was privy to Zworykin’s research, and soon a team under Isaac Shoenberg produced a complete and practical electronic …

Jan 2, 2026 · For details on specific applications that utilize telecommunications systems, see the articles telephone, telegraph, fax, radio, and television. Transmission over electric wire, radio wave, …

The development of electronic systems—equipment for consumers, such as radios, television sets, stereo equipment, video games, and home computers—occupies a large number of engineers.

Dec 9, 2025 · Semiconductors are employed in the manufacture of various kinds of electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. Such devices have found wide application …

Dec 11, 2025 · Integrated circuit, an assembly of electronic components with miniature devices built up on a semiconductor substrate. The resulting circuit is thus a small monolithic ‘chip,’ which may be as …

A timeline of important moments in the history of technology from the first stone tools to artificial intelligence.

Some electronic applications depend on the interactions between light and semiconductor materials mentioned in the section Optoelectronics. Such applications include the conversion of sunlight to …